One important thing that a Certificate Authority must have is Certificate Revocation List or so called CRL. The most common CA software is OpenSSL so you have to generate CRL in regular basis using OpenSSL command if your CA system relies on OpenSSL

Most recent operating systems store filename using UTF-8 character sets to make it support multiple character encodings. In some rare cases, you may get files with incorrect charset in the name, e.g., my laptop, Ubuntu Edgy, runs UTF-8 but I receive a zipped file containing files with TIS-620 charset in their name. I need to rename these files to correct charset. I found a good solution called convmv.

According to my previous post, my package was incorrectly assigned version number as well as missing gstreamer. As a result, you will never see ALSA or ESD in sound options. I don't know why but it was all my fault since I have never unmuted my sound for so long (7 months). In addition, upgrading to official version may not go smooth as expect since its version was 2.0.0+beta6-1ubuntu0.1 which is absolutely not comply to the standard. In fact, it should be 2.0.0+beta6-0ubuntu0.1. So I post this one to apologize and fix it.

Well, my first game console was NES (Nintendo Entertainment System) aka Famicom. Actually, it was also my last game console too because at that time, NES made my scores in a midterm look like a nightmare. In addition, I just found that my specialty is not the skill for playing game. Even Mario Brother, I was unable to finish it. Don't blame me yet. I have one game cleared. It is Legend of Kage because it could be finished by just jumping around to skip some quests and enemies. Anyway, it is a good experience for me to try game console and NES also inspired me to try making some electronic devices myself. Then I later developed myself from analog to digital world next year later before switched completely to computer system. These experiences helped me to understand how a computer works from the ground to the top level and they benefit me for all my life. Anyway, it is not easy to find NES to play by now. Recent game consoles, e.g., PS1, PS2, PS3, and its family, are not exactly what I want. In short, I feel like they are just overkill for me. The only solution for me is to play NES games through emulator. However, playing games using keyboard may destroy keyboard quickly especially my laptop keyboard. So I find a USB gamepad to game NES game with the most pleasure.

OpenWrt is an embedded linux for mipsel architecture which could be flashed on recent network devices, e.g., ADSL routers and home appliances. The most popular device is WRT54 series by LinkSys and the another series from Asus called WL-500g. This linux distribution is compiled by cross compiler set called toolchain. Actually, it is a fork of that with uClibc. By default, the pre-built SDK for OpenWrt comes with a small set of uClibc to maximize free space especially lots of math library cutted off, e.g., ceilf(). It is not usual case that you would like to run application called ceilf() in such a router but I would like to do that. Below is what I did.

GnuDIP is an open source dynamic DNS solution for all of us who want to provide dynamic domain name to customers, e.g., ISP may provide a free dynamic domain regarding to the user name. I will just give an instruction that I used to setup a GnuDIP service on Ubuntu Edgy.